Program management is an array of activities geared towards ensuring efficient service delivery towards achieving the goals of the program. This includes:

Define in the context of NTEP

• Advocacy
• Communication
• Social Mobilization

TB prevention includes measures taken to prevent spread of TB Infection and the breakdown from infected status to TB disease. These may be infection control measures, identification and treatment of TB infection (Preventive Therapy), Vaccination, and other general measures taken to reduce TB Vulnerabilities.

• Management of TB Disease starts once TB is diagnosed and consists of various stages from treatment initiation to completion and post treatment followup.
• During treatment there will be continuous monitoring, including adherence monitoring, clinical and laboratory followup, and Adverse Drug Reaction Management.
• The treatment course is divided into two phases, the intensive and the continuation phase.

TB Case finding encompasses all activities that are performed to identify TB cases from the population. This includes activities to identify population at high risk of TB and periodically screening them, to final diagnostic testing and notification after confirmation of TB diagnosis. The goal of these activities are directed towards identifying all cases of TB as early as possible.

TB Case finding employs a number of methods or approaches such as Passive Case Finding, Active Case Finding and Intensified Case Finding.

The general concepts and knowledge in TB are divided into these thematic areas

1. History of TB
2. Evolution of TB control programs
3. Epidemiology and burden of TB
4. Microbiology and Pathogenesis of TB

• Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease that is a major cause of ill health.

• TB is caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb)

• TB disease typically affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) (80%) but can also affect other parts of the body (extra pulmonary TB) (20%)

• It spreads when people who are sick with TB expel bacteria into the air (for example by coughing, sneezing, shouting or singing)