Passive case finding is essentially where the patient self reports to the health care provider with symptoms. This requires that affected individuals are aware of their symptoms, have access to health facilities, and are evaluated by health workers or volunteers who recognise the symptoms of TB and link those individuals for TB testing services.

People who have been exposed to patients with infectious TB are known as TB contacts; they constitute a high-risk group for TB. Case finding investigation contributes to the early detection of TB cases, and results in identifying a significant number of additional patients.

Figure: Approaches to Tuberculosis Case Finding

The National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTP) of India was launched in 1962. It relied on BCG, X-ray based diagnosis and Streptomycin and INH based treatment centralized at district level.  

The Government of India has committed to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDG) targets related to ending TB by 2025 (5 years ahead of the global target).  This would mean that in 2025, the 2030 target of achieving 80% reduction in incidence, 90% reduction in deaths due to TB compared to that of 2015, is to be achieved.

• The National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) is the public health initiative of the Government of India that organizes the country’s Tuberculosis Elimination efforts. 
• NTEP is a centrally sponsored scheme being implemented under the aegis of the National Health Mission with resources sharing between the State Governments and the Central Government.
• The program provides various free of cost, quality tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment services across the country.

Discuss India's commitment to achieving the END TB targets 5 years ahead.

Describe why the tubercular bacillus was named as M. Tuberculosis. 

1. Explain the word of Tuber, bring in the concept of white potato, and its likeness seen in granulomas/ Tubercles.
2. Include the year of nomenclature and the person who named Tuberculosis

Provide an overview of the purpose of NHM and mention the role of NTEP in it. Mention when NTEP was included in NHM and the implications for that change. Discuss in brief NHM governance at the Centre and state.

Describe, Goals and broad activities under NHM, and NTEP's interaction with NHM at the national, state and district level.