National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) is a centrally sponsored programme being implemented under the aegis of National Health Mission.
National Level: Managed by Central TB Division (CTD), the technical arm of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW)
The National Health Mission (NHM) was launched by the Government of India in 2013, subsuming the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and National Urban Health Mission (NUHM). Figure 1 shows the history of the NHM.
The vision of NHM is “Attainment of Universal Access to Equitable, Affordable and Quality health care services, accountable and responsive to people's needs, with effective intersectoral convergent action to address the wider social determinants of health.”
The National Strategic Plan (NSP) for TB elimination 2017–25 is a bold strategic framework to drive the acceleration of progress toward TB Elimination, and achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) and End TB targets for India. It expects to guide the activities of all stakeholders including the national and state governments, development partners, civil society organizations, international agencies, research institutions, private sector, and many others whose work is relevant to TB elimination in India.
The Standards for TB Care in India (STCI), which is a locally customized version of the International Standards of Tuberculosis Care,
Provide an overview of the standards of TB care in India and its purpose.
TB is a notifiable disease in India, and TB notification has been made mandatory at the point of diagnosis since May 2012. This means that when a case of TB is diagnosed and/or put on treatment it is to be reported to the NTEP.
Drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis occurs when there is acquisition of mutations in genes that code for anti-TB drug targets or drug-activating enzymes.
Drug resistance in Tuberculosis (TB) occurs through two main mechanisms shown in the figure below.
Figure: Mechanisms or Types of Drug Resistance in TB
The mechanism of transmission of drug-resistant (DR) and drug-sensitive (DS) TB is the same i.e., via infectious aerosols.
Discuss the factors that increase the probability of Mtb. to become drug resistant.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious, chronic, granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It usually involves the lungs but may affect any organ or tissue in the body.
The pathogenesis of TB in a previously unexposed immunocompetent individual is centred on the development of cell-mediated immunity. This confers resistance to the organism and results in the development of tissue hypersensitivity to tubercular antigens.