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A total of eight standards related to patient support (Standard 19 to Standard 26) have been mentioned in the standard for TB care in India guidelines. The standards are described below:

A total of seven standards related to Public Health Actions (Standard 12 to Standard 18) have been mentioned in the standard for TB care in India guidelines. These standards are described below.

Standard 12: Public Health Responsibility

Standards for TB Care in India - Pillar 2

A total of five standards related to tuberculosis treatment have been mentioned in the Standard for TB Care in India guidelines. Each of these standards is described below:

Standard 7: Treatment with first-line regimen

The salient features of this standard are:

Standards of Tuberculosis (TB) Care in India - Pillar 1

A total of six standards related to tuberculosis detection have been mentioned in the standard of TB Care in India guidelines. Each of these standards is described below:

Standard 1: Testing and Screening for Pulmonary TB

• Any person (adult and child) presenting with signs and symptoms suggestive of pulmonary TB should be evaluated for TB.

The Patients’ Charter for Tuberculosis Care (the Charter) outlines the rights and responsibilities of people with TB. It empowers people affected by TB and their communities through this knowledge. Initiated and developed by persons affected by TB from around the world, the Charter makes the relationship with healthcare providers a mutually beneficial one.

In pregnant women diagnosed with multi-drug resistant (MDR)/rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB), if the duration of pregnancy is <20 weeks*, the patient should be advised to opt for medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) in view of the potential severe risk to both the mother and the fetus. Figure 1 shows the management algorithm for pregnant patients based on their gestational age.

Treatment of Non-Tubercular Mycobacterium (NTM) lung disease varies from person to person.  

Not everyone who is diagnosed with NTM lung disease needs to begin treatment right away. Some localized infections are very slow-growing and may or may not progress. Empirical therapy for suspected NTM lung disease is not recommended.  

The decision to start Non-tubercular Mycobacteria (NTM) treatment is based on: 

The genetic code is a triplet nucleotide sequence (codon) which encodes a specific amino acid during translation.

Figure 1: Genetic code

The three-letter codons consisting of four nucleotides found in mRNA (A, U, G, C) which produce a total of 64 different combinations. Of these 64 codons, 61 code for amino acids, the remaining three represent stop signals which trigger the end of protein synthesis (see Figure 1).

Transcription and translation together are responsible for Gene Expression.

Transcription 

• The transcription process involves the formation of m-Ribo-Nucleic Acid (RNA) from DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid).
• One strand of DNA acts as a template, RNA polymerase associates with the DNA strand on the promoter region and transcription begins.